Rottweiler Aggression: Signs, Causes, and How to Handle It

Many dogs have gotten a bad reputation over the years for being "dangerous breeds." Rottweilers are among them. Like pit bulls and other large, blocky-headed types of dogs, these powerful and beautiful animals are often assumed to be aggressive.

But are they really?

The truth isn't so simple. Breed characteristics are complex—and so are displays of aggression! It's important to be concerned about preventing bite injury, but it isn't helpful to label all dogs of a certain breed as one thing.

Here’s a deep dive into aggression in Rottweilers. What is the average Rottweiler like? What influences their breed traits as they grow up? How can we prevent bad behavior in our pets with proper training and socialization?

The short answer: Behavior problems depend on a huge range of factors

Rottweilers are not inherently aggressive. No dog breed is!

"Aggression" is a loaded term with various interpretations

For one thing, the term "aggressive" can mean many different things to different people. The ASPCA defines canine aggression as "a wide variety of behaviors that occur for a multitude of reasons in various circumstances".

Dog behavior depends on more than breed

For another, breed alone is not a reliable predictor of a dog's behavior.

Dogs of all breeds, sizes, and backgrounds have the potential to exhibit aggressive behavior—and reasonable defense mechanisms, like growling when handled roughly—if they aren't properly trained, socialized, and cared for by responsible owners.

1) Understand what Rottweilers were bred for

Rottweilers have a long, illustrious breed history

Rottweilers are considered one of the oldest surviving dog breeds. Their exact origin might date back to the Roman Empire, where their ancestors accompanied Roman legions!

Early Rottweilers were strong, versatile working dogs:

• Rottweilers were historically used for various herding and livestock guardian tasks, like cattle driving. (They were called "drover dogs.") This tough working breed kept individual animals in line while protecting them from threats like predators and thieves as they were driven to market.
• In addition to herding and guarding duties, Rottweilers were employed as draft dogs. They pulled carts loaded with butchered meat—especially in the old free city of Rottweil—which earned them the nickname "Rottweil Butcher's Dog." Transporting heavy loads for their owners was a difficult job.

Rottweilers' jobs have changed over time

Over time, industrialization and modernization changed the agricultural landscape. The need for working herding and draft dogs diminished—but the Rottweilers' varied abilities and protective instincts led to their adaptation in other roles.

Before World War I, interest in police dogs grew. Rottweilers have since been used for military work, where they've acted as messenger, ambulance, draught, and guard dogs.

And, of course, today Rottweilers are kept as loyal family companions in many pet dog homes.

Herding and working breeds are often prone to reactivity

Working dogs were bred for specific tasks and jobs. Because so many of these jobs aren't relevant in our modern human society—working breeds like Rottweilers, German Shepherds, and Border Collies no longer perform the tasks we selected for—they have a higher likelihood of dog reactivity compared to their less driven and energetic counterparts.

Protective instincts

Many herding and guardian breeds were selectively bred for their protective instincts. These instincts are an essential part of their job protecting livestock, property, or their humans! This protective nature sometimes translates into reactivity towards other dogs or people today, though.

High energy and drive

Working dogs are also often bred for their high energy levels, stamina, and intense drive to perform their specific tasks. While this drive is beneficial for their work, it can manifest as increased arousal or excitement when encountering other day-to-day stimuli. This heightened arousal can contribute to reactive behaviors.

Reactivity is not necessarily aggression

It’s important to note that reactivity does not automatically equal aggression.

We always recommend getting in touch with a reputable trainer if you’re worried about your dog’s behaviors. Experienced canine professionals will be able to help you interpret your individual pet’s behavior.

2) Recognize how breed popularity plays into dog bite statistics

Dog bite statistics can be influenced by various factors. These variables include the popularity of certain breeds, skewed media coverage, and reporting biases.

• Popular breeds may have higher numbers of reported bites simply because there are more dogs of those breeds present in the population.
• Media attention often focuses on incidents involving specific breeds. This leads to an impression that certain breeds are more prone to aggression, when in fact that may not be the case.
• Many people struggle to identify a dog's breed by visual appearance alone, especially in a high intensity situation like a dog bite.

3) Know that any dog can bite if pushed!

Any dog, regardless of breed or size, has the potential to bite if put in a situation where they feel threatened.

While some dogs may be more prone to aggression—they have a higher likelihood of biting based on their genetics, temperament, or past experiences (more on those factors in the next section)—it’s important to understand all dogs have the capacity to use their teeth if they feel the need to defend themselves.

Our pets are beloved members of the family. But they aren't furry little humans! They're canines. We need to respect them as such.

Keep in mind that different dogs have varying physical capabilities

Dog bites can be more or less severe simply due to size and strength—not personality or temperament.

In general, larger dogs have the potential to cause more severe physical damage than smaller dogs. This is one reason many big dogs are automatically considered more aggressive breeds than their littler counterparts. Nips from toy breeds often go unreported—whereas damage from an adult Rottweiler is generally impossible to ignore. It makes perfect sense that fatal dog attacks (while incredibly rare) are almost exclusively from large breeds.

Regardless of a dog's size, all dog bites should be taken seriously and treated promptly with proper medical care. Trainer Ian Dunbar's dog bite scale can be a helpful point of reference.

4) What causes aggression in Rottweilers and other dog breeds?

Aggression can be caused by many different factors. Dogs who growl, lunge, and bite are often motivated by fear and self-preservation rather than outright intent to harm.

Genetic factors (not limited to breed alone) can influence aggression

Breed selection

As mentioned above, dog breeds have been selectively bred for certain traits like guarding instincts, territoriality, and protectiveness. These breed-specific characteristics may increase the likelihood that an animal displays aggressive behavior in certain situations.

Sociability might be heritable

Beyond breed stereotypes, some studies suggest that certain aggressive behaviors can be inherited. The specific genetic mechanisms underlying aggression are not yet fully understood—but looking at a puppy’s direct ancestors (their parents and grandparents, specifically) might be a better way to predict their future temperament than relying on breed estimates alone.

Solid family dogs often give birth to more solid family dogs!

Ethical breeding can make a difference

Understanding the potential genetic predisposition for aggression in certain breeds can help inform responsible breeding practices. Early intervention, appropriate obedience training, and thoughtful management strategies can do wonders for our relationships with man's best friend!

It's important to assess each dog on an individual basis. We should consider their unique personality, experiences, and environment when addressing any behavioral concerns.

Very early experiences, including in utero, can contribute to aggression

Epigenetic variables can influence gene expression and behavior in all breeds of dogs.

Environmental factors like early life experiences and ongoing maternal stress can impact the way certain genes show up in our pets. This can potentially contribute to aggressive behavior.

Lack of socialization or poorly conducted socialization can cause aggression

Socialization is the process of exposing dogs to different stimuli, experiences, and interactions in a positive and controlled manner during their critical developmental period. This window typically occurs between three and 16 weeks of age. It's important for each and every breed of dog!

A lack of socialization can lead to aggression in dogs by limiting their exposure to a variety of social situations. This can result in fear, anxiety, and inappropriate responses when faced with unfamiliar people, animals, or environments.

You can read more about socializing your dog in this article.

Physical pain or underlying medical issues can trigger aggressive displays

When a dog is experiencing physical discomfort or pain, it can impact their behavior, especially by increasing their likelihood of displaying aggression.

Dogs—just like humans—may become irritable, defensive, or reactive when suffering from certain medical conditions.

5) How can you treat aggression in Rottweilers or other breeds?

Prevent aggression in the first place!

Preventing aggression in dogs involves a proactive and multifaceted approach. Responsible pet parents should focus on proper care, socialization, and training.

Know that sometimes it’s not possible to prevent all instances of aggression—our dogs' temperaments are not all in how we raise them, and some variables in our companions’ lives are out of our control—but we can try to stack the deck in our favor.

Get in touch with a trusted, certified trainer

Part of taking care of yourself while training your reactive or aggressive dog? Remembering that you don’t have to do it all alone. The right support network can make a world of difference as you navigate your pet’s behavior problems and create a life you both enjoy!

Consider reaching out to:

• A local force-free trainer for in-person guidance
• A certified professional who offers virtual sessions to cheer you on from afar

Identify the root cause of your Rottweiler’s aggression

Identifying the root cause of aggression in dogs can be a complex process. It requires careful observation, evaluation, and in many cases professional guidance. 

• Before assuming that a dog is "just being aggressive," it is important to rule out any potential medical causes or pain that may be contributing to the behavior.
• A thorough veterinary examination can help identify underlying health issues that could be influencing the dog's behavior.
• Carefully observe your dog's behavior and identify specific triggers or situations that lead to aggression.
• Document the circumstances surrounding each aggressive episode, including the context, environment, and people or animals involved. This can help identify patterns and potential triggers.

Use management to keep everyone safe in the interim

Management is an important part of helping your reactive or aggressive dog. The more frequently your pet practices their undesirable behaviors in a heightened emotional state, the deeper they ingrain those habits.

It’s important to prevent as many reactions as possible so your training can be successful!

• Use tools like muzzles or “ignore me” patches as a visual cue to get more space from strangers while out on walks.
• Carefully consider when you go to an environment and whether it will be too busy for your reactive dog to feel comfortable.
• Cover your windows with film or close the blinds to prevent your dog from barking at triggers outside your living room or office windows throughout the day. You can also use household objects as visual barriers.
• Drive to a quieter walking route rather than trying to stay in your immediate neighborhood if it’s too overwhelming.
• Don’t feel guilty about turning around when you see a trigger if you aren’t prepared to train through it.
• Practice your dog’s basic cues, leash skills, and ability to receive reinforcement in multiple ways (like from your hand, scattered on the ground, and tossed in the air). Building these habits outside of stressful situations will make it possible for you to use them to get through difficult moments out and about. A solid ‘’leave it” cue can be especially powerful.

You can read more about management in our beginner's guide to working with a reactive dog.

Work with your trainer to follow an individualized training plan to improve your dog’s mental health and reduce their aggression

Each dog, owner, and situation is different—and the animal training world is constantly evolving!

As long as your chosen aggression treatment plan is recommended by a humane trainer you trust and prioritizes your dog’s positive emotions, it can help them (and you) live a better life together. We're cheering for you.

Trainer Review of this Article

There is so much misinformation out there, and we want to make sure we only provide the highest quality information to our community. We have all of our articles reviewed by qualified, positive-only trainers.  

This is the trainer that reviewed this article:

Rayanne Craven  CPDT-KA, IAABC-ADT, FDM, FFCP
Professional Dog Trainer - Tenacious Dog Training